CNC milling is a multifunctional machining process known for its precision and complex parts. It involves different technologies/operations and can adapt to different tools; Vertical milling is one of them. In fact, this is the second most popular machining technology after CNC turning.

Different tool options, high material removal rates, precise surface treatment, and other factors make this process widely used in various industries.

What is end milling?

Like other subtractive manufacturing processes, end milling involves using a rotating tool with multiple cutting edges to remove material until the desired shape and features are formed. It can process complex and exquisite features on metals, alloys, plastics, composite materials, and other engineering materials.

The difference between end mills and other cutting tools lies in the spiral design of the cutting edge. The cylindrical handle has teeth on both ends and sides, so they can cut workpieces from multiple directions.

In addition, various CNC end mills (square, ball head, rounded corners, etc.) allow you to handle multi feature 3D shapes. With the appropriate tools, you can create complex contours, deep holes, grooves, slots, flat contours, grooves, and more.

How does an end mill work?

A suitable end mill is installed in the spindle (or other rotating parts) of a dedicated end milling machine or conventional CNC machine tool. Then, it precisely controls the motion on the workpiece with a predetermined tool path.

The cutting size, depth, speed, cycle time, and all other variables depend on the CNC input, geometric shape, and end mill size.

Overall, end milling technology can create complex features and contours on various types of workpieces. The use of the correct tool type, milling variables, and settings is crucial for manufacturing parts with high geometric complexity. In addition, understanding the potential challenges that a machine may face before operation can help prevent the risk of defects and malfunctions.

This process is driving innovation in complex mechanical structures across various industries, continuously improving manufacturing accuracy and efficiency.